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In population ecology, Moran's theorem (or the Moran effect) states that the time correlation of two separate populations of the same species is equal to the correlation between the environmental variabilities where they live. The theorem is named after Pat Moran, who stated it in a paper on the dynamics of the Canadian lynx populations.〔Moran, P. A. P. 1953. The statistical analysis of the Canadian lynx cycle. II. Synchronization and meteorology. Australian Journal of Zoology 1: 291-298.〕 It has been used to explain the synchronization of widely dispersed populations. It has the important consequence for conservation ecology that viability of spatially structured populations is lower than one would expect from the local populations: it increases the probability that several local populations go extinct simultaneously.〔Jörgen Ripa, Theoretical Population Ecology and Evolution Group, ( Equation of the month: the Moran effect )〕 In its original form it stated: If the two populations have population dynamics given by : : where is the population size of population , is a linear renewal function updating the populations in the same way, and the environmental variabilities. Then . The original form assumed a strictly linear structure, but this assumption can be weakened to allow for non-linear functions. It has been suggested that the term "Moran effect" should be used for systems that do not strictly follow the original description.〔Esa Ranta, Veijo Kaitala, Per Lundberg, Ecology of Populations, Cambridge University Press, 2006 p. 78〕 In the general case the correlations will be lower, and the accuracy of the Moran description depends on whether the populations tend to converge to an equilibrium state (good accuracy for low variance variability) or tend to oscillate (eventual breakdown of the correlation).〔T. Royama 2005. Moran effect on nonlinear population processes. Ecological Monographs 75:277–293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/04-0770〕 It has been tested experimentally in a number of cases, such as variation of fruit production,〔Rosenstock, T. S., Hastings, A., Koenig, W. D., Lyles, D. J. and Brown, P. H. (2011), Testing Moran's theorem in an agroecosystem. Oikos, 120: 1434–1440. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19360.x〕 acorn production,〔Ecology. 2013 Jan;94(1):83-93. Large-scale spatial synchrony and cross-synchrony in acorn production by two California oaks. Koenig WD, Knops JM.〕 bird populations〔SÆTHER, B.-E., ENGEN, S., GRØTAN, V., FIEDLER, W., MATTHYSEN, E., VISSER, M. E., WRIGHT, J., MØLLER, A. P., ADRIAENSEN, F., VAN BALEN, H., BALMER, D., MAINWARING, M. C., MCCLEERY, R. H., PAMPUS, M. and WINKEL, W. (2007), The extended Moran effect and large-scale synchronous fluctuations in the size of great tit and blue tit populations. Journal of Animal Ecology, 76: 315–325. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01195.x〕 and coral reef fishes.〔Ecology. 2007 Jan;88(1):158-69. Spatial synchrony in coral reef fish populations and the influence of climate. Cheal AJ, Delean S, Sweatman H, Thompson AA.〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moran's theorem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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